|
Consonants
|
|
Place of articulation
|
Labial |
Coronal |
Dorsal |
|
Manner of articulation
|
Bilabial |
Labio-dental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Retro-flex |
Palatal |
Glottal |
Labio-velar |
Velar |
| Nasal |
m
|
F
|
|
n
|
n`
|
J
|
|
|
N |
| Stops |
p b |
|
|
t d |
t` d`
|
c J\
|
|
|
k g |
| Fricative |
|
f v |
T D
|
s z
|
s`
|
C j\
|
h |
W |
x G |
| Approximant |
|
|
|
r\
|
r\`
|
j |
|
w |
|
| Trill |
|
|
|
r |
|
|
|
|
|
| Tap |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Lateral fricative |
|
|
|
K K\ |
|
|
|
|
|
| Lateral approximant |
|
|
|
l |
l`
|
|
|
|
5 Eng. 'milk'
|
| Co-articulated |
W
|
Voiceless labialized velar approximant
|
w
|
Voiced labialized velar approximant
|
s\
|
Voiceless palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative
|
| Digraphs |
| XS |
Orthography |
| kw; kV |
q |
| B |
bn; fn |
| N |
gg |
| J\ |
gj |
| Nk |
gk |
| Nw; NV |
ggw |
| K |
ll |
| W |
ƕ; hw |
kw is /kV/ before consonants initially. One example is Kwreinaius "Cyrenius" /kVr\aInEs/
kk, pp, tt geminate only in the middle of words. This means they are pronounced for an audibly longer period of time than a short consonant. These same digraphs are pre-aspirated at the end of words and never occur at the beginning of words. Other double consonants that are prolonged: (dd, ðð, mm, nn, þþ).
| Vowels |
| XS |
Orthography |
| A |
a |
| { |
æ |
| e |
e |
| I |
i |
| Q~A |
o |
| o |
o (word final) |
| o |
ó |
| 3\ |
ö |
| 8 |
u |
| V |
u
|
| u~U\ |
ú |
| y |
y,w |
| E |
ai |
| i: |
í, i (word final) |
| Diphthongs |
| XS |
Orthography |
| aI |
ái like Am.Eng. eye
|
| eI |
ei, ey like Am.Eng. hey
|
| A~V |
au like Am.Eng. gnaw
|
| {U |
áu like Am.Eng. 'ou' in ouch.
|
| aI |
ei like Am.Eng. eye
|
| iu |
iu like Am.Eng. juice
|
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