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Third Weak Conjugation

Page history last edited by David 14 years, 10 months ago

The third weak conjugation is characterized by the suffix PIE *-oi- > PGmc *-ai- added to the verbal root. The verbs of this class are typically not derived from other sources, and are generally durative or stative (see Section 40). For example, WG þuláiþ 'puts up with, endures' (compare also Old High German dolēt), WG siláiþ 'is silent', WG þaháiþ 'is silent' (compare Old High German dagēt).

 

The verb haban 'to have' serves to illustrate the forms of class iii weak verbs. The forms are as follows.

 

Class III
Active
    Mediopassive
 
  Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Indicative
Subjunctive
Present          

1 Sg

2

3

haba

habáis

habáiþ

habáu

habáis

habái

 

habái

habadáu

habada

habaza

habada

habáidáu

habáizáu

habáidáu

1 Du

2

habos

habats

habáiwa

habáits

 

habats

   

1 Pl

2

3

habam

habáiþ

haband

habáima

habáiþ

habáina

habam

habáiþ

habandáu

habanda

habanda

habanda

habáindáu

habáindáu

habáindáu

Past          

1 Sg

2

3

habáida

habáides

habáida

habáidjáu

habáideis

habáidi

     

1 Du

2

habáidu

habáiduts

habáideiwa

habáideits

     

1 Pl

2

3

habáidum

habáiduþ

habáidun

habáideima

habáideiþ

habáideina

     
Infinitive
haban
       
Pres Part
habands
       
Past Part
      habáiþs
 

 

The origin of the present forms is unclear. Some scholars propose PIE *kapēti or *kapējéti, though this is less likely than proposing a PIE middle ending *kap-oi. This was then extended by the third singular ending *-ti: *kap-oi > *kap-oi-ti > WG habáiþ. Such a middle construction is also consonant with the stativity of many of the verbs of this class.

 

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