The second weak conjugation is characterized by the suffix PIE *-ā- > PGmc *-ō- added to the verbal root. These verbs are typically denominative. Consider the following examples:
|
Nominative
|
Stem
|
Meaning
|
Weak II Infinitive
|
Meaning
|
Denominative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
fisks
fráuja
gredus
gudja
hatis
kara
páida
reiki
sidus
skalks
sunja
þiudans
|
fiska-
fráujin-
gredu-
gudjin-
hatiz-
karo-
páido-
reiki-
sidu-
skalka-
sunjo-
þiundana-
|
fish
lord
hunger
priest
hatred
care
shirt
realm
custom
servant
truth
king
|
fiskon
fráujinon
gredon
gudjinon
hatizon
karon
ga-páidon
reikinon
sidon
skalkinon
sunjon
þiundnon
|
to fish, catch fish
to rule over
to hunger, be hunger
be a priest
be angry
be concerned
clothe
to rule
practice
serve
defend oneself
be king, rule
|
Unlike in the first weak conjugation, the form of the Class II suffix does not depend on root shape, but appears as -ō- in all other present forms. The suffix likewise appears as -ō- in all past forms. -ō- is written "o" when final or is the vowel of the last syllable. See the 3 Sg Person Present Imperative compared to the 1, 2, 3 Sg Present Indicatives for the distinction.
The verb salbon 'to anoint' serves to illustrate the forms of Class II weak verbs. The forms are as follows.
Class II
|
Active
|
|
|
Mediopassive
|
|
|
Indicative
|
Subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
Indicative
|
Subjunctive
|
Present
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 Sg
2
3
|
salbo
salbos
salboþ
|
salbo
salbos
salbo
|
salbo
salbódáu
|
salbóda
salbóza
salbóda
|
salbódáu
salbózáu
salbódáu
|
1 Du
2
|
salbos
salbots
|
salbówa
salbots
|
salbots
|
|
|
1 Pl
2
3
|
salbom
salboþ
salbond
|
salbóma
salboþ
salbóna
|
salbom
salboþ
salbóndáu
|
salbónda
salbónda
salbónda
|
salbóndáu
salbóndáu
salbóndáu
|
Past
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 Sg
2
3
|
salbóda
salbódes
salbóda
|
salbódjáu
salbódeis
salbódi
|
|
|
|
1 Du
2
|
salbódu
salbóduts
|
salbódeiwa
salbódeits
|
|
|
|
1 Pl
2
3
|
salbódum
salbóduþ
salbódun
|
salbódeima
salbódeiþ
salbódeina
|
|
|
|
Infinitive |
salbon |
|
|
|
|
Pres Part |
salbonds |
|
|
|
|
Past Part |
|
|
|
salboþs |
|
Note the suffix -ō- appears in all forms built to the present stem, replacing even the distinctive suffix of the subjunctive. The -ō- also precedes the dental suffix in past forms, indicative and subjunctive.
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