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Second Weak Conjugation

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The second weak conjugation is characterized by the suffix PIE *-ā- > PGmc *-ō- added to the verbal root. These verbs are typically denominative. Consider the following examples:

 

  Nominative
Stem
Meaning
Weak II Infinitive
Meaning
Denominative
         
 

fisks

fráuja

gredus

gudja

hatis

kara

páida

reiki

sidus

skalks

sunja

þiudans

fiska-

fráujin-

gredu-

gudjin-

hatiz-

karo-

páido-

reiki-

sidu-

skalka-

sunjo-

þiundana-

fish

lord

hunger

priest

hatred

care

shirt

realm

custom

servant

truth

king

fiskon

fráujinon

gredon

gudjinon

hatizon

karon

ga-páidon

reikinon

sidon

skalkinon

sunjon

þiundnon

to fish, catch fish

to rule over

to hunger, be hunger

be a priest

be angry

be concerned

clothe

to rule

practice

serve

defend oneself

be king, rule

 

Unlike in the first weak conjugation, the form of the Class II suffix does not depend on root shape, but appears as -ō- in all other present forms. The suffix likewise appears as -ō- in all past forms. -ō- is written "o" when final or is the vowel of the last syllable. See the 3 Sg Person Present Imperative compared to the 1, 2, 3 Sg Present Indicatives for the distinction.

 

The verb salbon 'to anoint' serves to illustrate the forms of Class II weak verbs. The forms are as follows.

 

Class II
Active
    Mediopassive
 
  Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
Indicative
Subjunctive
Present
         

1 Sg

2

3

salbo

salbos

salboþ

salbo

salbos

salbo

 

salbo

salbódáu

salbóda

salbóza

salbóda

salbódáu

salbózáu

salbódáu

1 Du

2

salbos

salbots

salbówa

salbots

 

salbots

   

1 Pl

2

3

salbom

salboþ

salbond

salbóma

salboþ

salbóna

salbom

salboþ

salbóndáu

salbónda

salbónda

salbónda

salbóndáu

salbóndáu

salbóndáu

Past
         

1 Sg

2

3

salbóda

salbódes

salbóda

salbódjáu

salbódeis

salbódi

     

1 Du

2

salbódu

salbóduts

salbódeiwa

salbódeits

     

1 Pl

2

3

salbódum

salbóduþ

salbódun

salbódeima

salbódeiþ

salbódeina

     
Infinitive salbon        
Pres Part salbonds        
Past Part       salboþs  

 

Note the suffix -ō- appears in all forms built to the present stem, replacing even the distinctive suffix of the subjunctive. The -ō- also precedes the dental suffix in past forms, indicative and subjunctive.

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