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Seventh Strong Conjugation

Page history last edited by David 14 years, 9 months ago

The seventh strong conjugation marks a departure from the preterite formation of the other strong classes. Verbs of class VII form the past tense by means of reduplication, which may or may not be accompanied by ablaut in the root syllable. Reduplication denotes the prefixation to the root of the root's own initial consonant, followed by the vowel ai [E]. When the root lacks an initial consonant, only the vowel ai [E] appears. When the root begins with a consonant cluster, only the first consonant reduplicates -- unless the root begins with sk- or st-, whereby the entire cluster reduplicates.

 

The roots of class seven strong verbs do not possess a unique shape distinguishing them from verbs of other strong classes. The primary characteristic subdividing class VII itself is the presence or absence of root ablaut accompanying reduplication, as shown in the following chart.

 

Class VII Ablaut

Class
Root Vowel
Present
Past Sg.
Past Pl.
Past Part.
Meaning
VIIa

a, ai

ái

e

 

ó

áu

ga-stalda

fráisa

slepa

 

ƕōpa

áuka

ga-staistald

faifráis

saislep

(saizlep)

ƕaiƕóp

aiáuk

ga-staistaldum

faifráisum

saislepum

 

ƕaiƕópum

aiáukum

ga-staldans

fráisans

slepans

 

ƕópans

áukans

'possess'

'tempt'

'sleep'

 

'boast'

'add'

VIIb
e, ai

gretan

leta

ga-reda

 

teka

saian

waia

gaigrót

lailót

ga-rairóþ

 

taitók

saiso

saiwo

gaigrótum

lailótum

ga-rairódum

 

taitókum

saisóum

waiwóum

gretans

letans

ga-redans

 

tekans

saians

waians

'weep'

'let'

'reflect upon'

'touch'

'sow'

'blow'

 

The verb letan 'let', with prinicpal parts leta -- lailót -- lailótum -- letans, serves to illustrate the forms of the seventh conjugation. The forms are as follows.

 

Class VII Active Mediopassive
  Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Indicative Subjunctive
Present

1 Sg.

2

3

leta

letis

letiþ

letáu

letáis

letái

 

let

letadáu

letada

letaza

letada

letáidáu

letáizáu

letáidáu

1 Du.

2

letos

letats

letáiwa

letáits

 

letats

   

1 Pl.

2

3

letam

leteiþ

letand

letáima

letáiþ

letáina

letam

letiþ

letandáu

letanda

letanda

letanda

letáindáu

letáindáu

letáindáu

Past
     

1 Sg.

2

3

lailót

lailóst

lailót

lailótjáu

lailóteis

lailóti

     

1 Du.

2

lailótu

lailótuts

lailóteiwa

lailóteis

     

1 Pl.

2

3

lailótum

lailótuþ

lailóun

lailóteima

lailóteiþ

lailóteina

     
Infinitive

letan

       
Pres. Part.
letands
       
Past Part.
      letans
 

 

http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/gotol-8-X.html#Got08_GP36

 

 

 

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