The seventh strong conjugation marks a departure from the preterite formation of the other strong classes. Verbs of class VII form the past tense by means of reduplication, which may or may not be accompanied by ablaut in the root syllable. Reduplication denotes the prefixation to the root of the root's own initial consonant, followed by the vowel ai [E]. When the root lacks an initial consonant, only the vowel ai [E] appears. When the root begins with a consonant cluster, only the first consonant reduplicates -- unless the root begins with sk- or st-, whereby the entire cluster reduplicates.
The roots of class seven strong verbs do not possess a unique shape distinguishing them from verbs of other strong classes. The primary characteristic subdividing class VII itself is the presence or absence of root ablaut accompanying reduplication, as shown in the following chart.
Class VII Ablaut
Class
|
Root Vowel
|
Present
|
Past Sg.
|
Past Pl.
|
Past Part.
|
Meaning
|
VIIa
|
a, ai
ái
e
ó
áu
|
ga-stalda
fráisa
slepa
ƕōpa
áuka
|
ga-staistald
faifráis
saislep
(saizlep)
ƕaiƕóp
aiáuk
|
ga-staistaldum
faifráisum
saislepum
ƕaiƕópum
aiáukum
|
ga-staldans
fráisans
slepans
ƕópans
áukans
|
'possess'
'tempt'
'sleep'
'boast'
'add'
|
VIIb
|
e, ai
|
gretan
leta
ga-reda
teka
saian
waia
|
gaigrót
lailót
ga-rairóþ
taitók
saiso
saiwo
|
gaigrótum
lailótum
ga-rairódum
taitókum
saisóum
waiwóum
|
gretans
letans
ga-redans
tekans
saians
waians
|
'weep'
'let'
'reflect upon'
'touch'
'sow'
'blow'
|
The verb letan 'let', with prinicpal parts leta -- lailót -- lailótum -- letans, serves to illustrate the forms of the seventh conjugation. The forms are as follows.
Class VII |
Active |
Mediopassive |
|
Indicative |
Subjunctive |
Imperative |
Indicative |
Subjunctive |
Present |
1 Sg.
2
3
|
leta
letis
letiþ
|
letáu
letáis
letái
|
let
letadáu
|
letada
letaza
letada
|
letáidáu
letáizáu
letáidáu
|
1 Du.
2
|
letos
letats
|
letáiwa
letáits
|
letats
|
|
|
1 Pl.
2
3
|
letam
leteiþ
letand
|
letáima
letáiþ
letáina
|
letam
letiþ
letandáu
|
letanda
letanda
letanda
|
letáindáu
letáindáu
letáindáu
|
Past |
1 Sg.
2
3
|
lailót
lailóst
lailót
|
lailótjáu
lailóteis
lailóti
|
|
|
|
1 Du.
2
|
lailótu
lailótuts
|
lailóteiwa
lailóteis
|
|
|
|
1 Pl.
2
3
|
lailótum
lailótuþ
lailóun
|
lailóteima
lailóteiþ
lailóteina
|
|
|
|
Infinitive
|
letan
|
|
|
|
|
Pres. Part.
|
letands
|
|
|
|
|
Past Part.
|
|
|
|
letans
|
|
http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/gotol-8-X.html#Got08_GP36
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