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Fifth Strong Conjugation

Page history last edited by David 14 years, 3 months ago

The fifth strong conjugation comprises verbs whose roots end in a single non-resonant consonant (i.e. not l,r,m,n).  The resulting ablaut pattern characterizing the fifth strong conjugation thus becomes the following.

 

Class V Ablaut Pattern

Class
Present
Past Sg.
Past Pl.
Past Part.

Va

Vb

i

ai [E]

a

a

e

e

i

ai [E]

 

The difference between classes Va and Vb lies in the vowel of the present stem and the past participle. The change is conditioned by the consonant following the vowel. Generally the vowel i occurs, but this is replaced by ai [E] when followed by h or ƕ. Hence giba, but saiƕa.

 

The verb sniwan 'hasten' belongs to the class Va, with final root consonant w. When this becomes word-final, the w shifts to u (i.e. aw becomes áu). The verb bidjan 'pray' conjugates according to the pattern of class Va, but the j-augment remains only in the forms built from the present stem. The verb fraihnan 'inquire' conjugates according to the pattern of class Vb, but the n-suffix remains only in the forms built from the present stem. The principal parts of these verbs are as follows.

 

Class
Present
Past Sg.
Past Pl.
Past Part.
Meaning
Va

sniwa

bidja

snáu

baþ

snewum

bedum

--

bidans

'hasten'

'pray'

Vb
fraiha
frah
frehum
fraihans
'inquire'

 

 

The verb giban 'give', with prinicpal parts giba -- gaf -- gebum -- gibans, serves to illustrate the forms of the fifth conjugation. The forms are as follows.

 

Class V
Active
  
Mediopassive
 
  Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Indicative Subjunctive
Present
     

1 Sg.

2

3

giba

gibis

gibiþ

gibáu

gibáis

gibái

 

gib

gibadáu

gibada

gibaza

gibada

gibáidáu

gibáidáu

gibáidáu

1 Du

2

gibos

gibats

gibáiwa

gibáits

 

gibats

   

1 Pl.

2

3

gibam

gibiþ

giband

gibáima

gibáiþ

gibáina

gibam

gibiþ

gibandáu

gibanda

gibanda

gibanda

gibáindáu

gibáindáu

gibáindáu

Past

1 Sg.

2

3

gaf

gaft

gaf

gebjáu

gebeis

gebi

     

1 Du

2

gebu

gebuts

gebeiwa

gebeits

     

1 Pl.

2

3

gebum

gebuþ

gebun

gebeima

gebeiþ

gebeina

     
Infinitive
giban
       
Pres. Part.
gibands
       
Past Part.
      gibans
 

 

See the sound changes page for consonant changes before the second person singular past indicative ending.

 

The link below has other illustrations of this conjugation.

 

http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/gotol-7-X.html#Got07_GP31

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